Currently viewing the tag: "Verizon"

VZW Rule The Air Logo Couldn’t help but notice that Verizon completed the transaction of selling off it’s Lower 700MHz spectrum today. Key point is, as long as it doesn’t go to AT&T consumers are better off. OK that had to be said.

The markets and spectrum from their PR is:

Nortex Communications, based in Muenster, Texas, acquired the Texas RSA 6-Jack 700 MHz lower B-block license, which covers a four-county area northwest of Dallas. Panhandle Telecommunication Systems, Inc., based in Guymon, Okla., acquired the Texas RSA 2-Hansford 700 MHz lower B-block license, which covers 12 counties in the northwest part of Texas. Colorado Valley Communications purchased a partitioned A-Block license covering a five-county area in the Houston market.

The next bottleneck, once the spectrum gets diffused into the market, is the availability of chipsets that support this spectrum, Band 12. See the diagram below for a quick refresher.

700MHz spectrum chart

I am planning to do an overview of this situation next so stay tuned. Yea for us. We got a little more market freedom today. Hopefully this will encourage some of the smaller operators to deploy LTE and compete with the big guys.

Fist Bump

 

 

BTW, When’s the last time we saw Munster, TX or Guymon, OK in a tech industry press release? Shout out to you peeps. 

 

 

 

Below is excerpted from their site.

Verizon Wireless Completes Spectrum Sales to Three Rural Companies

Verizon Wireless has completed three spectrum license sale transactions following agreements reached late last year as part of the open sale process for its 700 MHz A and B Block licenses. Nortex Communications and Panhandle Telecommunication Systems, Inc. closed on their respective purchases this week. Colorado Valley Communications completed its purchase on January 16, 2013.

Nortex Communications, based in Muenster, Texas, acquired the Texas RSA 6-Jack 700 MHz lower B-block license, which covers a four-county area northwest of Dallas. Panhandle Telecommunication Systems, Inc., based in Guymon, Okla., acquired the Texas RSA 2-Hansford 700 MHz lower B-block license, which covers 12 counties in the northwest part of Texas. purchased a partitioned A-Block license covering a five-county area in the Houston market.

Verizon Wireless offered its lower 700 MHz spectrum licenses for sale to rationalize its spectrum holdings and enable more spectrum to reach the marketplace where it can be used for the benefit of customers. As a result of the sale process, Verizon Wireless signed agreements with seven companies, including one national carrier, five rural or regional carriers and one minority-owned firm. To date, three purchases have been completed and four remain pending. Verizon Wireless is also getting 700 MHz C block spectrum into the hands of 20 rural operators through its LTE in Rural America leasing program.

public knowledgeOK there is a non profit named Public Knowledge, based in Washington D.C. of course, and fight for our networks to be open. I personally like that mission but they have put out a disturbing statement … See this:

AT&T is using the data caps that it imposes on its home broadband subscribers to disadvantage competitors to AT&T Wireless.

The AT&T 3G MicroCell acts as a miniature cell tower that can be used to supplement and improve cell phone service for voice calls or data applications. However,  AT&T is exempting data from AT&T Wireless MicroCells from the data caps it imposes on its wireless home broadband users. This is similar to Comcast’s decision last year to exempt its own online video service from its data cap.

The following can be attributed to Michael Weinberg, Vice President:

“AT&T is egregiously abusing data caps to give its own services advantages over competitors. There is no reason why AT&T should treat AT&T Wireless MicroCell data different than any other data – including data from a Verizon or Sprint MicroCell – on a subscriber’s home connection.

“Internet service providers should not be able to use data caps anti-competitively. When providers give preferential treatment to data associated with their services, they undermine competition and inhibit innovation. This is precisely the type of discrimination at the core of the net neutrality debate. The FCC and, if necessary, Congress must take steps to end data cap abuse.

AT&T microcell small cell

OK this is a bit misguided. The AT&T Microcell  allows AT&T subscribers to avoid data caps by NOT carrying user traffic over the WCDMA/LTE macro mobile network infrastructure, but pushes it upstream on the END USER’S BROADBAND connection.

C’MON, what’s the problem with that???? Am I missing something here? It’s not like the neighbors can’t buy a MicroCell from their neighborhood AT&T store to avoid going over THEIR data cap, or just connect their own home broadband to a WiFi AP to bypass the AT&T network… Heck, as of today Facebook lets you call each other so this is not even relevant to voice.

The only way I can think to make sense of their complaint is if they are complaining that the small cell core infrastructure (ignore that it’s just SIP based, for now) is closed, thus limiting what types of small cells we end users may obtain and use on the network. There could be an interesting ecosystem here. I doubt this is their angle but it’s a valid complaint.

jackie-chan-wtf-face-i16_m

So an asymmetrical attack, Sprint and Verizon have deployed far more small cells, without technical merit really 99.99% of the time comes from your competitor.

Anyway things like this irritate me to no end…

 

Welcome to Las Vegas CES Been awfully busy this year and end of last so I’m wayyy off my desired schedule. The Consumer Electronics Show (CES) is quite the boondoggle and this year was no exception. There were a couple of things that were noteworthy to me with respect to the mobile industry and 4G that I would like to share with you.

Firstly, Qualcomm’s keynote. Usually Microsoft handles such things but this year Microsoft minimized their CES profile by not having a big booth etc… This is not really surprising to me as it was to some as they are exactly duplicating any/everything Apple does w.r.t. mobile.  Anyway Qualcomm tried the shock and awe approach to keynotes and added a bunch of colorful characters into the talk like Desmond Tutu, Big Bird, Steve Balmer, Guillermo Del Toro, Star Trek’s Alice Eve etc… Bottom line is they are going to continue to work hard to be the epicenter of wireless.

They unveiled their Snapdragon 800 mobile processor which supports everything including Ultra HD and it’s expected we will see that in next versions of mobile devices. Qualcomm also discussed their wireless charging (Inductive Power Transfer) technology a little, the brand they are selling is Halo and they are focused on getting it into vehicles initially. Wireless charging is the next logical step for all electronic devices so this makes a lot of sense. I will also mention they mentioned, with Big Bird’s help, their version of augmented reality. This is another technology I expect to be ubiquitous this year.

Cracks me up that after years of trying to talk them into small cells, they are suddenly the center of the small cell universe too. Better late than never. Ok I digress…Video of Qualcomm’s keynote highlights to your left. 

Following the keynote there were the strictly routine level of show floor booths, demo days, meetings in conference booths on/off the show floor, night out etc… This is a CES so the main focus is mainly non-mobile, and there was a lot of buzz around the forthcoming UltraHD (4K) TV’s and the always heralded but never sold in stores OLED versions of TVs. OK, 4K/OLED is cool and the only tie to mobile is you can expect these technologies on the 4th screen (mobile device.) 

Almost forgot, Samsung demoed their “Youm” bendable display. It doesn’t have anything to do with 4G but you could see one on a Samsung G4 or Galaxy 5.

 

There was an interesting group of demos around wireless power charging. Yes what’s old is what’s new. There are many companies in the developing ecosystem and I won’t really go into each one but they are aligning into alliances or industry trade groups.This is the same technology battle that happens when standards compete, so Rocky-Balboa-movie-20for example, with Betamax v VHS, Firewire v USB, CDMA v GSM or LTE v WiMAX, there will be winners and losers and the loser may have the superior technology, or not. So one approach was QI by the Wireless Power Consortium Wireless Power Consortiumrepresenting 100 companies, and by 130 announced products so far. They claim all QI certified devices are going to be interoperable (wireless charging wise.) Their technology is wireless but immobile, based on induction through charging pads etc…

 The second is the 25ish member Alliance for Wireless Power. A4WP Logo The big differentiator here is they allow more flexibility in how close/far the charging devices may be placed up to 50mm from the charger. (wireless, not quite mobile) What this group lacks in numbers they make up for in strength of their supporters.

Lastly, the third major exhibitor was the 30ish member strong Power Matters Alliance.Power Matters Alliance The technology differentiation is less clear to me, a wireless charging surface based approach but I guess their focus here is integration into public places. Yes, Starbucks is a member. 

Oh yeah, the waterproofing guys were back with a better process. I love little things like Liquipel! They offer a waterproofing coating for your mobile device that allows full submersion for a limited amount of time, like when your phone falls out of your front shirt pocket into a water fountain etc… (feel free to substitute your experience here.) Liquipel waterproof iphone

 

So all in all, the state of the art is inching forward. No major LTE Advanced announcements. 

Verizon @ CES

Oh wait, Verizon announced they are planning on launching an Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast (eMBMS) service in the future. This was from the CEO Lowell McAdam. There were no specifics like timelines or what type of content but overall it makes sense to utilize their investment as much and as wisely as possible. 

Verizon has a site dedicated to eMBMS and they state they are working with Ericsson. 

Verizon Keynote here… 

OK, looking forward to this stuff now…

Ahead of the signaling show (who knew?) that starts tomorrow … I have been noticing a flood of information including various press releases about LTE roaming. I don’t have much that I can say publicly other than what I can observe in the public domain. So I wanted to point out some recent examples.

As you may or may not know, there’s some real challenges to LTE roaming around the radio interface, such as the ability of a device to operate everywhere based on radio bands supported, other than that, nearly all other big issues are primarily in the business domain if you exclude VoLTE for the moment.  I thought it would be interesting to have a look at some of the public info out there regarding LTE roaming.

Firstly, why LTE roaming? Simple, there are LTE subs nearly everywhere now. Chart above shows something like 100M now. Unlike 3G with the different flavors, this is interesting because multiple (or greater number of) networks could potentially host foreign subs in a given location and since the subs are substantially on a single standard, a greater number to deal with.

As you can probably guess, there are 3 domains the situation exists in. Firstly is from the network standards point of view. 3GPP and others have been working on filling in the gaps to help the situation. Release 9 and 10 fix some roaming holes in the standard (actually just standardized the fixes) and go a long way. Beow Sybase has a network diagram for your viewing pleasure. You may recognize that Diameter is a key protocol between the networks and it’s relatively new into the marketplace. Verizon and others are still discovering the ins and outs of using it. 

Next up is the obligatory network diagram that shows at a glance the network topology of the roaming signaling situation.

The second domain is the network OEM perspective. There are several players in this space like Sybase, Diametriq, and Syniverse to name a few. They offer products to assist with the roaming infrastructure and or provide hosting services to enable it. 

For example, here is an interesting slide deck describing a Diameter Signaling Controller from Diametriq. Notice the comments about operator challenges and the complexity just within the diameter protocol universe.


And Syniverse announces hosted Diameter services…

Syniverse Solutions Ready SmarTone for LTE Interoperability 

Here is Syniverse’s deck that’s fairly interesting titled, Preparing for LTE Roaming

Outside of that there is 3G roaming that already has lots of glue in place. It gets complicated when considering that LTE networks can communicate much easier over the wire to each other, however using a completely different protocol set and network topology than what is in place, yet the 3G fallback is highly desirable (Voice or edge data coverage.

Some service providers like Global Telecom have taken the initiative to be a first mover in this area. 

Globe beats rival telcos with LTE roaming function

Ultimately having some service providers go first will help to accelerate the LTE roaming marketplace in general.

The final domain of LTE roaming challenge belongs to the UE. The recently launched iPhone5 and iPads do have LTE, which will increase demand based on their historical popularity, however these devices are based on Qualcomm RTR8600 technology limitations that do not facilitate a single chipset for all bands, therefore there are different models that can use different sets of spectrum. Sysbase’s William Dudley recently posted about the iPhone5 and roaming in:

iPhone 5: A Catalyst for LTE Roaming?

Smith Micro Software is offering something in this space, a mobile based solution that focuses the smartphone on using WiFi to offload and presumably avoid roaming over LTE.

To me, until there is a simple solution that allows a single device to utilize all LTE bands being deployed this is the biggest hurdle for LTE roaming to become widespread. However, when it finally does happen, the commercial possibilities are exciting as the increased competition will improve choice and pricing globally thus fueling more adoption perhaps in the Machine to Machine (M2M) space where we will be able to have all of our cars, homes and non phone type gadgets LTE enabled.
Just an observation.

Full Syniverse PR below…

Read Full Article →

So I’m trolling the internet during a conference call and whoa, what’s this? An article in CNET about LTE speeds. Seems like everyone is interested in LTE all of a sudden. Anyway here’s the page:

 Don’t get me wrong, I laugh at Verizon and AT&T’s LTE implementations but this article makes me want to cry. The REAL reason the speeds in NYC are averaging in the 20MBps range and Sydney is like 40MBps is…

 

Verizon and ATT have 1/2 the bandwidth deployed that Optus (Australia) does! (FCC Hear that?) The US operators’ Verizon (Band 13) and ATT (Band 17) have deployed 10MHz channels in lower 700MHz with 2×2 MIMO whereas Optus (Band 3) has a 20MHz channel with 2×2 MIMO. Double the resource, double the rate.

 

There are 2 LTE stories here, with 1 bow tied neatly around. See this…

 So I was reading about the Dish Networks deal with Qualcomm that starts with Dish has 40MHz of S band (~2GHz) that it wants to use for LTE. Then I read that they did the smart thing and signed a deal with Qualcomm because let’s face it, Dish’s ambitions are not going to get much traction without devices. That all makes sense to me and although I can’t say I think getting this to market by 2016 will make them the dominant LTE service provider for the ages. IntoMobile has a good story on this.

Next, I read that Verizon is forming The 4G Venture Forum for Connected Cars with partners like BMW, Honda, Hyundai Motor Company, Kia Motors and Toyota Motor Sales, Inc. Looks like the goal is to foster ecosystem to grow infotainment and telematics over Verizon’s LTE network. Again, this makes a lot of sense to me and without going into tremendous detail, I will say I think this is where the Verizon’s of the world will make the real money from LTE, not from you and I directly, but as channel partners to the connected world. So they will need to work on safety issues, standards blah, a good step.

So hmmm… Why doesn’t Dish use it’s Lower 700MHz E block spectrum to operate a TDD-LTE, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service? More specifically Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Single Frequency Network (MBMSFN) and MBMS What is this MBMSFN you ask?

Good Article: eMBMS for More Efficient Use of Spectrum

Good Overview Document: Broadcast and Multicast Service for LTE and Advanced

The Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service shares resource blocks so that a single unit of data is conservatively shared between multiple UEs therefore not committing separate resources for each UE. Further, the MSMSFN mode of operation simulcasts the same data, synchronously over multiple cells, and since over the air combining is possible, the  Signal to Noise Ratio (SINR) is improved a great deal. This is ideal for broadcasting media. Think in car movies for example. This would be cost effective and easy to achieve. What about Pandora audio or even digital signage ads (read the UICC from the UE and now we have a Minority Report style service)?

There is nothing that is unachievable with present technology, if you consider Dish is already reaching out to add the S band to chipsets and TDD is already being realized in the market. Dish already has a user experience expectation and backseat car infotainment is not something they are not trying to serve already. Seems like a slam dunk to me.

 

 

Links: Verizon Wireless, IntoMobile, Alcatel Lucent, Wikipedia, AddPac, 4GwirelessJobs

From Wikipedia:

3GPP technical specifications

MBMS Bearer Service (Distribution Layer):

  • 3GPP TS 22.146 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS); Stage 1
  • 3GPP TS 23.246 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS); Architecture and functional description
  • 3GPP TS 25.346 Introduction of the Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) in the Radio Access Network (RAN); Stage 2
  • 3GPP TS 25.992 Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS); UTRAN/GERAN Requirements
  • 3GPP TS 43.246 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) in the GERAN; Stage 2
  • 3GPP TR 25.803 S-CCPCH performance for Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)

MBMS User Service (Service Layer):

  • 3GPP TS 22.246 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) user services; Stage 1
  • 3GPP TS 26.346 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS); Protocols and codecs
  • 3GPP TR 26.946 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) user service guidelines
  • 3GPP TS 33.246 3G Security; Security of Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)
  • 3GPP TS 32.273 Telecommunication management; Charging management; Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) charging

 

Full Verizon PR on 4G Venture Forum below:

Verizon Joins With Leading Global Auto Companies To Establish 4G Venture Forum for Connected Cars

BASKING RIDGE, N.J., June 6, 2012 /PRNewswire/ – Verizon today announced the formation of the 4G Venture Forum for Connected Cars, a group of leading global automotive companies brought together by Verizon to accelerate the pace of innovation across the automotive and telematics 4G LTE ecosystem.

BMW, Honda, Hyundai Motor Company, Kia Motors and Toyota Motor Sales, Inc. are joining Verizon as the initial members of the Forum.  Professor Sanjay Sarma of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology also joins the Forum, providing members a link to track important advancements in related academic research.  The group will collaborate and explore ways to deliver connectivity to vehicles of all types, by leveraging open standards and discussing ways to accelerate development of the 4G LTE ecosystem across automotive OEMs, suppliers, device manufacturers, application developers and content publishers.

“There are many challenges to designing next generation telematics and infotainment solutions, including supporting safe and responsible driving, advancing vehicle-to-vehicle solutions and improving sustainability, among others,” said Tami Erwin, chief marketing officer for Verizon Wireless.  ”As an innovator in the technology industry, Verizon is a natural impetus for this collaboration, which we all expect will include other companies and spur results that will benefit not only the industry, but millions of consumers around the world.”

Telematics is a growing opportunity that integrates telecommunications and information into vehicles to provide functionality to drivers and passengers.  The 4G Venture Forum for Connected Cars will help discover ways to increase the value of services, ranging from embedded cloud-connected solutions to mobile applications; help define features and explore safety systems; and encourage third-party developers in this space.

Verizon has a strong commitment to collaboration and innovation through its Innovation Program, and through the 4G Venture Forum, which was created in 2009 to identify and support new ideas related to advanced wireless networks and to provide market validation for innovative companies.  The 4G Venture Forum for Connected Cars complements and extends the approach of the 4G Venture Forum, focusing exclusively on the automotive space to address the specific needs of this growing market.

Verizon Wireless has the largest 4G LTE network, now available in 258 markets and covering more than two-thirds of the U.S. population.  The Forum may support and fund advancements regardless of underlying network technology; companies will not be obligated to work with Verizon and are not precluded from working with other service providers.

 RootMetrics has been publishing network performance results. The latest one shows the discrepancies in LTE/WiMax/EVDO in the Las Vegas Market. It’s an interesting read but take this all with a large grain of salt as I have noticed that there are lots of reasons for the performance skews for ATT, MetroPCS, Sprint and VZW. Not saying their data is invalid but I do know of lots of issues behind their numbers that I’m probably not at liberty to discuss so draw your own conclusions… Full Las Vegas Report is here…

 All of their reports are here.

From the Las Vega$ report:

We’re back for more!

This report marks our second visit to the Las Vegas market, having also tested the area in November of 2011. We found some notable changes that might impact your mobile service decisions.

  • By far, the most significant change was AT&T’s LTE network upgrade and the dramatic impact it had on their data speeds: AT&T’s average download speed increased from 3.3 Mbps to 16.2 Mbps, while their average upload speed increased from 1.2 Mbps to 5.4 Mbps.
  • Though not nearly as dramatic as AT&T’s improvement, T-Mobile and Verizon each recorded faster average download speeds this visit compared to what we found in November.
  •  The speeds recorded by Cricket and Sprint showed small variation from what we found during our previous visit. MetroPCS was slower this time than what we found during our previous visit.

    Data performance

    RootScore Award winner: AT&T and Verizon

 

 Here are some thoughts about the questions I get around SVLTE.

Notice the pic and remember this day? This was Verizon and Apple answering questions about the iPhone 4. The biggest technical tidbit of the day was that the 3G iPhone 4 would not allow a simultaneous voice and data session. Of course this was dictated by the 1X CDMA network architecture, not the phone.

Here is a good graphic sort of illustrating that difference.  


Yes, The same issue exists for LTE and CDMA voice!

See, there is a confusion based matrix of items to enable the use of data during a voice call. There is some technical detail to get into to understand what the problem is.

Some of the blame goes to the phone OS, some the phone HW and some is on the network.

HSPA/WCDMA 3GPP networks like ATT and Tmobile support this feature and so the remainder is inside the mobile device. 3GPP2 based Verizon and Sprint on the other hand don’t have this capability inherently in the network. 

 

UE (Mobile Device) UI Capability/function

The device User Interface (UI) manages the integration of voice and data services for us. As you know, for example, the iPhone visually displays a dial pad for voice calls and has other apps for data like browsers, email, FaceTime/Skype etc… Not so obviously, the multitasking nature of the UI and Operating System  that supports multiple execution threads etc, facilitate and encourage data use such as it is so convenient. The interface makes it easy to switch between these tasks and actually encourage parallel data/voice simultaneous use. So Smartphone = Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) device.

UE (Mobile Device) Hardware (HW)

Beyond the user interface, the device needs to be enabled with the capability to transmit data and voice simultaneously (or apparently so.)

Many USB based devices are data only (much like the old flip phones were primarily voice only) and only have HW to facilitate a data transmission. No voice HW present, but no need either. Result is simple and cheaper device. Smartphones sort of beg dual use, and often have HW to support data transmission and voice encoding/transmission. Now for the caveat (confusing part), of course it’s possible to have a data application for voice like Skype and that would technically eliminate the need for separate HW however the first deployments in the US are only partial data overlays over extensive voice networks, thus most devices base their connectivity on 3G voice and need to have voice compatible HW onboard for those non 4G or 3G data covered areas. Secondly, the quality of voice in voice networks is currently more assured, or higher priority than the existing non assured data services. So in the case of Skype over 4G, your voice packet gets the same priority (currently by default) as my web browsing packet. (With the PCRF this doesn’t have to be true but operators have not really unleashed this tiered type of service over LTE yet.)

So hardware wise, UEs utilize (baseband) processors capable of 3G to in addition to LTE to be capable of communicating with both networks. The first devices had 2 chipsets, 1 for 3G processing and a second for LTE processing. Only recently has there been multi generational (and multi protocol) capable chipsets that are able to process both 4G data and 3G in one chipset. 

To be clear, a device that has a single RF/baseband processing path may only be communicating on one network at a time.

Here is a typical data + voice capable device architecture showing Qualcomm components. 

So if the processing is in place, the next thing in the chain is the Radio Frequency (RF) chips. You can’t physically interface to the network without the capabilities here so it’s essential for the device to be able to interface to the voice and data spectrum bands and modulate/demodulate the signals correctly. This whole subject is so deep, more in a follow up post on this.

 Qualcomm is arguably the market leader in UE components and architecture. The pictures are the previous MSM8960 components which were 2 pieces of silicon for 3G and 4G processing and others for RF. The MSM9600 chipsets that are shipping now are essentially 1 piece of silicon for 3G and 4G processing with a second for the RF interface.

UE Network Communication Protocol

In the US, MetroPCS, Sprint, US Cellular, Verizon are networks that utilize CDMA 1X technology. 1XRTT (IS-95)/CDMA2000 or 3GPP2 based voice is a circuit switched voice protocol, with all the bells and whistles of 1.25MHz channels, RCs, Walsh codes, PNs etc… For high rate data, these networks utilize 1xEVDO (Evolution Data Only) a code and time division protocol and have slots, 1.25MHz channels, DRCs and so on. In summary, CDMA2000 uses 2 separate radio channels with 2 protocols for data and voice communications. ATT, T-Mobile and others have deployed 3GPP based WCDMA networks with 5MHz channels for voice and HSxPA with 5MHz channels for high rate data. 

Just to be doubly confusing, functions and G’s aren’t necessarily the same. There is 3G high rate data and 4G high rate data, and there is 4G voice and 3G voice. 

The communications protocols for voice on 3G on CDMA networks uses Qualcomm’s EVRC (Enhanced Variable Rate Coder) and on WCDMA networks is AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) coding. The coding converts sound to data bits. Just to stay confusing, 4G voice, under the Voice over LTE (VoLTE) framework uses AMR also, but the rest of the voice protocol is very different than 3G. 

Data story is similar with 3G high rate data on 1X CDMA 3Gpp2 based networks is EVDO (now Rev A is most common) and on WCDMA 3GPP based networks is HSPA (now HSPA+ is becoming the most common.) For 4G we will only focus on LTE which happens to be 3GPP based.

There’s a lot of complexity in communicating the bits back and forth from the network when you compare 3G and 4G and CDMA 1xRTT with WCDMA/HSPA. Due to technical and cost constraints, most devices up to date have been either CDMA 3GPP2 capable or WCDMA 3Gpp capable. As an example, Qualcomm Gobi based devices have support for just about every situation in one component whereas Marvell only supports 3G WCDMA/HSPA and LTE.

A strong desire exists for every device to support every scenario, however the complexity and risks sort of dictated this approach of multiple networks, separate devices. See this seamless mobility chart, key point is you need both protocols, 3G and 4G for now.

 

Wireless mobile networks have had this multilayered architecture to support 3G circuit switched voice and high rate packet data at the same time for a while now. Adding in LTE is another layer of complexity that manifests itself as a battery and size constraint for today’s UE designs (more HW + more communicating layers in the devices), and in fact Steve Jobs specifically mentioned it as a barrier to LTE implementation in the iPhones.

UE Parallelism/simultaneous use

So now we are clear a device that has a single baseband processing path may only be on one network at a time. That was very long windup and I apologize. Back to the problem of the Verizon iPhone vs the ATT iPhone and voice and data simultaneously…

A mobile device that only supports a single network (voice or data) device will have to pause communicating with the data network if a voice call is to be made or received and vice-versa.  

The first generation of 3G/LTE capable devices have 2 physical components, a 3G path processor and a LTE path processor.  Qualcomm, TI, Marvell and others are beginning to ship components to enable the 2nd generation of LTE devices, those with 2 paths and shared silicon (fewer components.) The first devices are hitting the shelves. The benefits will be improvements to battery life and form factor, however neither will be as best they can be yet. Have a look at a slide from Qualcomm presentation comparing various architectures based on heat (energy waste) output. So it takes 2 radios to have a 3G and LTE flow from the device at the same time in order to support true simultaneous data and voice use.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The next step in device design will either be VoLTE and/or a software defined radio approach that allows more effective conservation of resources but that’s a topic for another day. Back to voice+data.

 

 

OK so the ability to make 3G voice calls and use data at the same time can be broken into smaller pieces.

  • For 3G 1X or 3GPP2 based networks like Sprint, Verizon, MetroPCS etc…, 1X (voice) + EVDO (data) is called SVDO. Some devices support this but most networks do not…As an example, the Verizon iPhone either communicates data or voice at one time.
  • For 3G WCDMA or 3GPP based networks, the voice and data bearers can be controlled from a single control point, (before HSPA it was on the same channel) therefore the voice and data can flow effectively in parallel. I won’t go deeper but this is the end effect although there are some finer points.
  • 4G LTE based networks need to have Simultaneous Voice and LTE (SVLTE) capability on both network and devices to operate in parallel.  It’s a specific function that allows better control of the voice and data over the networks. 

Today’s 3G + LTE networks carry voice over 3G networks as circuit switched voice. In a circuit switched paradigm, voice is carried in a point to point stream and requires real time connection between the two points, much like 2 tin cans with string, or a wired phone. Voice over packet, such as voice over IP networks use a connectionless paradigm, no open line is required. The world is starting to prefer it because this method also allows the use of the time in between the sound pulses to carry other data. Skype is and example of voice over packet (sound is quantized and sent over packets on the internet.) 

So the next iPhone launch with Verizon (3GPP2 based) will require specific upgraded network functionality like enhanced High Rate Packet Data (eHRPD) to be deployed as well as a multitasking OS, and multiple connectivity chipsets to enable simultaneous use whereas ATT (3GPP based) will have an easier time and only require the UE capabilities.

As of right now, the Qualcomm MSM9600 chipsets appear to support the SVLTE functionality and based on their use in The New iPad it appears Apple is headed down this path so it will be up to Verizon and others to deploy the necessary network upgrades.

Hope this helps.

Interesting slides on VoLTE….

Download (PDF, 1.51MB)

Voice over LTE

 So now we can see a couple of things have been revealed about The New iPad. Firstly, I was wrong about the guess on the components. Obviously timeline were tight for Apple’s engineering team and they chose devices they had access to at the time vs the more advanced components available now. Firstly they use the MDM9600 instead of the MDM9615. The advantages of the MDM9600 are increased power thriftiness due to the process shrink to 28nm from 45nm  is capable of LTE R9 and is VoLTE enabled. So strictly speaking the VoLTE not important for iPad but the power savings would have resulted in either slightly less battery required or more battery life. 

The other major component difference is the use of the RTR8600 vs the WTR1605. There are more bands supported with the WTR but the RTR is no slouch either, oh yeah there are some power and size advantages to this component too. Oh so maybe that’s where this VZW vs ATT iPad thingy comes from, but I highly doubt it.

 

 

 

 

 

So a very ugly fact, the operators are not allowing FaceTime in LTE mode. It’s stupid. It would be a major selling point for using their LTE services and it’s only a drop in the bucket throughput hit. People are measuring their iPad LTE throughput at 20MBps down and 14Mbps up and Verizon and ATT are worried about a 64-128kbps stream? WTF??

 

Seriously, this is ANOTHER case of the consumer getting shanked. They could charge more or throttle more in the future (PCRF!) why not feed the addiction now?? 

Update: I forgot about the Over The Top (OTT) apps like Skype. Looks like only consumers that like FaceTime are penalized.

Net Net, The New iPad is a major step forward but there are some less than all out pieces that the competitors will now pile on (since they are fast followers) and leave us wishing for an update…

Happy Friday!

 

LTE Benefits to the End User

Thought I would have some fun and go through the top 5 reasons the average consumer should adopt LTE. The point was to verify there were some end user benefits vs operators seeing all the benefits. I did my best to limit myself to today’s benefits, so there’s no HD Voice or global roaming etc in the list. See if you can think of better ones. Here are my top 5…Drum roll….

  1. Increased competition between carriers
  2. Supports ever growing Multi-mega pixel camera trend
  3. Safer to use at the sandwich shop than WiFi
  4. Low(est) mobile wireless latency
  5. Alternative to DSL at home
What? Here it is atom by atom.

1. Increased competition between carriers:  In the US, a less competitive wireless market, ATT, MetroPCS and Verizon already offer LTE, Clear, CSpire, Sprint, T Mobile, US Cellular are launching this year. I don’t like paying $25/GB/mo so I’m hoping the price competition will pressure down those prices. Yes supply and demand effects will have me using more and paying more, the low end is a mental barrier that needs to be crossed. Secondly, the increased competition with the identical services will result in greater focus in performance. The networks themselves will improve as a basis of competition further making end user experiences better.

 

2. Supports ever growing Multi-mega pixel camera trend: For this one , it’s bandwidth. Tip of the iceberg example, no way 3G is going support transporting your 17Mega pixel pictures of the puppy rolling over very quickly. LTE’s bandwidth will help out greatly here. Also, it looks like we are finally wanting to video call each other which is not very pleasant out on the road on 3G.

 

3. Safer to use at the sandwich shop than Wifi: Security of LTE vs WiFi is very deep and I won’t go into all of the nuances. Suffice it to say, at the lowest common denominator, it’s not free to begin stealing your data if on an LTE network. It takes significantly more effort than that. All that being said, I don’t want my instant messages to my wife on the internet. (yeah, ok, assume I have some end to end secure IM client.)

 

4. Low(set) mobile wireless latencyGaming. ‘Nuff said. Actually since the latency is so much lower than other wireless technologies, it’s going to make Push To X (PTx) services finally really usable. It also benefits chat and video calling a great deal. All of these apps are far more possible, pleasant etc on LTE than 3G or even WiFi under low loading in some cases.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Alternative to DSL at home:For this one  Tie it to your ‘stick it to the man’ strategy. Don’t know about you but it’s only recently I’ve had choices in wired networking. Another option never hurts when it comes to connectivity at home. More competition, and better pricing, better service as mentioned above.  

VoLTE

VoLTE

Voice over LTE (VoLTE) is the next big thing. In fact, in 24 months, virtually all LTE enabled smart phones will support it. Curious?
Small Cells

Small Cells

Small Cells, previously known as 'femto' or 'pico' cells are possibly a savior to network operators. They offer capacity and coverage to the end user and are inexpensive for the network operator. Why aren't they everywhere?
Public Safety

Public Safety

LTE is and ideal technology for Public Safety use. See Why.